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In a darkening economy, there is a ray of light. People, of necessity, will seek lower cost, outdoor vacations that are physically and spiritually beneficial to them.

Merchants will also benefit and should prepare for a strong season for family camping and backpacking sales.

While camping involves some large basic equipment - backpacks, sleeping bags and tents- without a myriad of small items camping would be, if not impossible, dangerous and unpleasant. These items include basics such as canteens and compasses as well as newer, innovates tools.

After food and water, the most basic item is a first aid kit. The size and types of supplies depend on the nature of the excursion, but no one should attempt a camping trip without one, whether the camper knows how to use it or not, said Doc Dowidat of Miller’s Surplus in Tucson, Arizona.

Miller’s retails first aid kits from $3.99 to more than $100. The more expensive models include small surgical tools.

A good compass is the standard orientation tool, and every camper should carry one, whether or not he or she carries a GPS device. The latter depends on batteries, which can fail. A basic map compass is necessary as either the primary or backup tool.

A military lensatic compass requires more skill to use but provides a greater degree of accuracy. A sighting devise allows the camper to site an object to almost the exact degree and plot his course to that object.

A map compass, on the other hand, can be off by one or two degrees, Dowidat explained. Depending on the distance, a single degree can equal as much as 100 yards.

Flashlights have dramatically improved over the past decade. Many are brighter and smaller and most take regular AA batteries rather than the large D size. LED technology has developed bulbs that virtually never burn out. Headlamps have emerged as an increasingly popular item, allowing hikers to keep their hands free.

WATER IS MOISTURE IN LIQUID FORM

Water portage has also changed. But the development of hydration backpack systems does not replace the need for an old fashioned canteen as a backup.

For purification of stream water, Dowidat recommends boiling as an effective and cheap way to kill bacteria.